来源：广东省导游人员考评委员会《广东省2026年全国导游资格考试现场必读（英语）》。本文完整转载官方原文，如与官方文本有出入，以广东省导游人员考评委员会当年公告为准。
五、汉译英30道题
1. 孙中山先生是中国伟大的资产阶级民主革命的先行者，1866年11月12日出生于广东香山县（即今中山市）翠亨村。他12岁时随兄去美国夏威夷教会学校读书，后回香港西医学堂学医，学成后在广州和澳门行医。
Sun Yat-sen was the forerunner of the Chinese bourgeois democratic revolution. He was born on November 12, 1866 in a farmer’s family in Cuiheng Village in Xiangshan County (the present-day Zhonghan City) in Guangdong Province. At the age of 12, he went to Honolulu, where his elder brother sent him to a missionary school. Later, he came back to Hong Kong to study in a college of Western medicine and, after graduation, practiced medicine in Guangzhou and Macao.
2. 孙中山早期曾对清政府存有幻想，曾向清朝统治者提出革新政治的主张；但帝国主义列强对中国的侵略和清政府的腐败无能使他认识到，要振兴中华就必须推翻满清王朝，建立民国。
At first, Sun Yat-sen had illusions about the Qing government and hoped to save this moribund regime through reforms. But, China’s defeats by foreign invaders and the corruption and incompetence of the Qing government intensified his patriotic indignation. He decided that the Qing court was rotten to the core and must be overthrown and replaced by a democratic republic.
3. 1905年，孙中山在日本成立了中国第一个革命政党同盟会（即国民党的前身），致力于推翻清朝的革命斗争，并最终于1911年发动的武昌起义中取得成功，建立了中华民国，孙中山被推选为临时大总统。
In 1905, Sun Yat-sen went to Japan, where he founded China’s first political party called “China Revolutionary League” (the Tong Meng Hui), which later developed into the Nationalist Party (the Guomintang). Since then, he had made successive attempts to topple the Qing regime and finally succeeded in the Wuchang Uprising that broke out in October 1911. The Qing regime was overthrown and he was elected the provisional president of the interim government of the Republic of China.
4. 孙中山为中国的民主革命奋斗终生，他所领导的辛亥革命推翻了在中国存在了几千年的封建帝制；广州人民为了纪念他的功绩，在当年南方革命政府总统府所在地建造了这座中山纪念堂。
Sun Yat-sen had devoted all his life to the cause of the Chinese democratic revolution, and the 1911 revolution he led had put an end to the feudal monarchy that had existed in China for several thousands of years. To commemorate his great contributions to the Chinese revolution, people of Guangzhou had this memorial hall built in 1929-1931, at the original site of the former presidential house of the South Revolutionary Government.
5. 中山纪念堂于1931年10月建成，其主体建筑高58米，建筑面积1.2万平方米。它是一座八角形的宫殿式钢筋混凝土建筑；在外形上具有中国传统建筑艺术风格，在结构上则采用了当时最新的建筑技术。
The construction of the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall was completed in October 1931. It is an octagonal palace-like reinforced concrete structure, 58 meters high with a floor space of 12 thousand square meters. It looks like a traditional Chinese palace in appearance but was constructed with modern architectural technique.
6．中山纪念堂是一个能容纳3238名观众的大会堂；会堂内看不到一根支撑柱子，整个大屋顶由4个大跨度的大型钢桁架支撑，8根柱子都巧妙地隐藏在墙内。观众坐在大堂内任何一个座位都不会被柱子遮档视线；而且，堂内没有回音，音响效果极好。
The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall is a conference hall with a seating capacity of 3,238 people. The acoustics of the hall are excellent and there is no pillar to obstruct the spectator’s view because the eight pillars sustaining the four long-spanned steel trusses supporting the huge domed roof are hidden in the walls.
7. 开平碉楼是集防卫、居住和中西建筑艺术于一体的建筑, 是国务院公布的国家重点文物保护单位。开平碉楼在鼎盛时期达3300多座，目前登记在册的有1833座。
The watchtower-like building in Kaiping is a structure incorporating the Chinese and Western architectural styles and combining the functions of a residence for the family and a watchtower to guard against bandits. The total number of such buildings reached 3,300 in its peak time. Nowadays the number of registered houses is 1,833. They are listed by the Chinese State Council as one of the cultural relics protected by the state.
8. 你可能想知道为什么这些海外华侨回国要把房子建成碉楼的结构，这其实很明显。首先，那个时代的公共秩序很糟糕，对这些归国华侨家庭而言，他们自然就成为抢劫的目标了，土匪令他们非常头疼；第二，开平地区地势低矮，洪水经常光顾。所以，这些坚固高大的建筑不仅能够防御土匪，也成为洪灾的避难所了。
You may wonder why these returned overseas Chinese had their houses built into a structure of a watchtower. Well, the reasons are clear. First, public order at that time was bad and banditry was a real headache and the better-off returned overseas Chinese families naturally became targets for robbery; second, the Kaiping area is a stretch of low-lying land and floods were a frequent occurrence. So, these solid and high-rise buildings were good both for defense against bandits and for refuge from the floods.
9. 其中最精美的碉楼是铭石楼，该楼建于1925年，是钢筋混凝土结构的居楼。楼高5层，顶部正中有一中西合璧的六角形瞭望塔，第五层四角均建有角堡。铭石楼楼身宽大，外形壮观，有厚重的铁门和坚固的铁窗，内部陈设豪华，生活设施齐全。
Among them the Mingshilou is the best of all. Built in 1925, it is a 5-storeyed reinforced concrete structure, with a hexagon observation pavilion on the top and a blockhouse built on the outside walls at each of the four corners on the fifth floor. This huge and imposing tower is installed with heavy iron doors and strong iron windows, and is luxuriously decorated and well furnished.
10. 瑞石楼是开平最高、最豪华的碉楼，楼高25米共9层，楼内设施布局典雅，具有中国传统格调，是开平碉楼第一楼。该楼属钢筋混凝土结构。
The highest and the most luxurious watchtower in Kaiping is Ruishilou. This nine-storey tower is 25 meters high and built of armored concrete. Its indoor settings and furnishings are elegantly arranged in a traditional Chinese style. So, this tower is rated as the No 1 tower in Kaiping.
11. 方氏灯楼是开平最具代表性的碉楼，建于1920年，楼内的警用发电机，探照灯， 枪械一应俱全，选地视野开阔，是典型的防守更楼，属钢筋混凝土结构。
The Fangshi Denglou, a reinforced concrete structure built in 1920 by the Fang family, is most typical of the Diaolou structure as a watchtower, for it was located in an open land with spacious view and provided with electric generator, searchlights and guns.
12. 花园的名字“立”源于园主的名字，表达了中国格言“修身立本”的含义，这四个字写在花园的拱门上，意为修炼个人的道德和性格是生活和工作成功的关键。
The garden’s name “Li” (立) was derived from the name of its owner and it gives expression to the meaning of a Chinese idiom Xiu Shen Li Ben (修身立本), which is written on an archway in the garden, meaning that cultivating one’s moral and character is the key to success in one’s life and work.
13. 丹霞山位于韶关市东北部，距市区45公里。2500万年以前，那里原是一片低平的湖泊，后来 因地壳运动的作用，地面上升，湖水尽退，形成了高耸的山峰；原来湖底的沉积物受到氧化 作用，变成了红色的岩石。
The Danxia Mountain is situated 45 kilometers to the northeast of Shaoguan City. Twenty-five million years ago, this place used to be a vast expanse of a low-lying lake. Later, movements of the earth’s crust made it rise above the ground and the water receded away, thus turning it into a mountain and the former sediment at the bottom of the lake gradually oxidized and became red rocks.
本稿说明（本站整理，非官方内容）
口译两题各 10 分（中译外、外译中各一），考的是现场翻译而不是背诵。“汉译英”共 30 段，本篇是第 1 至 13 段。练法建议：先抓主干与信息点（时间、地名、数量词、专有名词），再按短句译出，宁可拆句也不要卡壳。